What is phantom power?

Phantom Power: Powering Condenser Microphones

Phantom power is a method of supplying DC (Direct Current) electrical power through microphone cables to operate microphones that contain active electronic circuitry, such as condenser microphones. It is most commonly supplied at +48 volts (V), and is referred to as P48 or simply +48V phantom power.

Key Features and Information:

• Purpose: Provides power to the internal active circuitry of microphones like condenser and electret mics. It doesn't power dynamic microphones, which generate their own signal.
• Voltage: Standard voltage is +48V DC, though some microphones can also operate with lower voltages (e.g., +24V, +12V).
• Delivery: Phantom power is supplied via the same XLR cable that carries the audio signal. It is sent equally through pins 2 and 3 (the signal-carrying pins) with pin 1 acting as the ground/return.
• Compatibility: Most modern mixing consoles, audio interfaces, and preamps have a built-in phantom power supply that can be switched on or off.
• Safety: When properly implemented, phantom power should not damage dynamic microphones. However, it's generally a good practice to avoid using it with unbalanced cables to prevent potential issues.
• Importance: Critical for using high-quality condenser microphones in recording and live sound applications. Without it, these mics won't function.
• Activation: Typically engaged by a switch labeled "+48V" or "Phantom Power" on the mixing board/interface.
• Considerations: Always check microphone specifications to ensure compatibility with phantom power voltage levels.
• Alternative Powering: Some condenser microphones can be powered by internal batteries, but phantom power is the more common and reliable method for studio and live sound setups.